Testing Shoulder Internal and External Rotation: Inclinometers Beat Goniometers, a 4-Degree Deficit Separates Injured Throwers From Healthy Ones, and Stretching Wins Back About 10 Degrees
3 days ago
5 min read
Shoulder rotation is measured the same way whether the athlete moves the arm or the tester does: supine, upper arm out to the side at 90 degrees, elbow bent to 90, forearm rotated towards the floor for internal rotation or backwards for external rotation, with the shoulder blade held down. The active version tells you what the athlete can do; the passive version tells you what the joint allows. The numbers matter most in throwers and other overhead athletes, where a loss of internal rotation on the throwing side has a name and an injury literature.
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