Oestrogen, Progesterone and the Cycle: How the Hormones Rise and Fall Over 24-38 Days, What Breaks the Rhythm, and What It Does to Training

The female reproductive cycle is a monthly conversation between the brain, the pituitary and the ovaries, conducted in four hormones whose rising and falling drive everything from ovulation to mood to how a training session feels. Understanding the choreography does two things for an athlete or coach: it explains what a normal cycle looks like, so that a disrupted one is recognised as the warning sign it is, and it sets realistic expectations for how much the cycle actually changes performance - which, on the evidence, is less than the folklore suggests.

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